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#Galeazzi fracture orthobullets skin#
Whilst any fracture can become open, the most common fractures are tibial, phalangeal, forearm, ankle, and metacarpal. ballistic injury or a direct blow) penetrates the skin, traumatising the subtending soft tissues and bone. This is most often through the skin – however, pelvic fractures may be internally open, having penetrated in to the vagina or rectum.įracture may become open by either an “in-to-out” injury, whereby the sharp bone ends penetrate the skin from beneath, or an “out-to-in” injury, whereby a high energy injury (e.g. PathophysiologyĪ fracture is ‘ open’ when there is a direct communication between the fracture site and the external environment. In this article, we look at the classification, investigations and management of open fractures. Left untreated, open fractures are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Whilst most of these injuries can be safely managed on next day emergency lists, there are instances where emergency out-of-hours treatment is required. Open fractures are a common presentation to A&E, and require urgent assessment and management by the orthopaedic team.
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